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Spatial variations of aluminum species in drinking water supplies in Xi'an studied applying geographic information system
Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2010, No. 04
ISSN 1001-0742
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/746941976



"Abstract: This article aimed to investigate the variation of aluminum species and the effects of coagulant type and water quality on aluminum speciation in drinking water. Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of total aluminum(AlT) of drinking water in Xi'an ranged from 0.051 to 0.417 mg/L and the concentration of AlT in about 24.7% studied samples was higher than the currently recommended value(0.2 mg/L). The areas fed by surface water plants had a larger portion(39.4%) of samples over the recommended value. In drinking water treated by alum coagulant, the average concentration of monomeric aluminum(Ala) was higher than that in water treated by poly aluminum chlorine(PACl) and poly aluminum ferric chloride(PAFC). The average concentrations of polynuclear aluminum(Alb) and colloidal/suspended aluminum(Alc) in the drinking water treated by alum were lower than those in water treated by PACl and PAFC. There was a notable decrease in AlT along with the delivery pipeline away from the plants, with an average decline of about 36 μg/(L·km). Besides coagulant type, water quality also could afflect aluminum speciation. In drinking water without orthophosphate, the concentrations of Ala and AlT were positively correlated with pH; while, in drinking water with orthophosphate, the concentrations of Ala and AlT were negatively correlated with pH. The addition of orthophosphate salts in the drinking water treatment process would be an effective method for aluminum control in pH range 6.5-8.2.



Keywords: aluminum species;geographic information system;orthophosphate;water quality
Funding: supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50838005) the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT0853) the Nature Science Fundation of Shaanxi(No.2009JQ7001)
[DOI]: TU991.2

Text:
Introduction
Aluminum salts are widely used as coagulating agent in drinking water treatment process. These coagulatingagents are adopted to form ?oc through the interactionof a coagulant with solids suspended in the water. Although they are e?ective in r (...)"
http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKB201004009.htm

Conceição Santos*, Sónia Silva*, Olinda Pinto-Carnide†
Chapter Six – Aluminum Phytotoxicity: Physiological Approaches and Tolerance
Advances in Molecular Toxicology, Volume 8, 2014, Pages 203–236
ISBN: 978-0-444-63406-1
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/889647223





Conceição Santos

Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, DB & CESAM, Center of Environmental and Sea Studies University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

Corresponding author:

csantos@ua.pt



Sónia Silva

Laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics, DB & CESAM, Center of Environmental and Sea Studies University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal



Olinda Pinto-Carnide

Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering/Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CGB-UTAD/IBB), Vila Real, Portugal






"Abstract
The increase of aluminum (Al) bioavailability in the soil seriously compromises plant growth and crop production. Al phytotoxicity highly depends on the interactions between Al and root cells, apoplast and symplast, which are influenced by genotype and environmental conditions (e.g., soil pH, nutrients availability). Within physiological parameters used to assess Al phytotoxicity, root elongation is widely known, either by cell wall extensibility and cell cycle impairment. Besides, recent data gave new insight on the relations between Al and nutrients, Al allocation in apoplast/symplast, cell oxidative stress homeostasis, cell differentiation, and photosynthesis. We also discuss some of the recent advances on plant tolerance including genetic mechanisms for Al exclusion, where organic acids play a crucial role, and mechanisms involved in Al compartmentation and tolerance. Important advances on the interaction of Al with genes regulating these physiological events are also highlighted.


Keywords
Aluminum; Toxicity; Nutrient imbalances; Gene regulation; Cell disturbances; Detoxification"
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444634061000064